MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF LOW-GRADE MALIGNANCY GLIOMAS IN CHILDREN

DOI: https://doi.org/None

K.E. Borisov, D.D. Sakaeva Republican Clinical Dispensary, Octyabr' av., 73/1, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation

The literature review provides information on the molecular biology of low-grade malignancy gliomas (LGMG) in children and adolescents. The data on specific genetic aberrations in pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xantoastrocytoma, subependimal giant cell astrocytoma and gangliogliomaas well as frequency and prognostic significance of differentgene mutations data are presented. In infants, the LGMG rate accounts for 67%, with usual localization in the cerebral hemispheres, compared to 86% and preferably infratentorial localization in children aged from 1 to 5 years. Duplication of the BRAF gene on chromosome 7q34 is typical for pilocyticastrocytomas, and in most cases is associated with a favorable prognosis. Activating mutations of BRAF being more common in pleomorphic xantoastrocytoma, pilocytic astrocytoma with extracerebellar localization, and ganglioglioma, have aunfavorable predictive value. The key point of pathogenesis of subependimal giant cell astrocytoma is a disturbance in the mTOR-signaling cascade. The study of genetic changes in LGMG patients can help to pediatricians in the development of new approaches to treatment aimed at molecular targets for personalization of anticancer therapy
Keywords: 
low-grade malignancy gliomas, children, molecular biology
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