MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

DOI: https://doi.org/None

M.A. Paltsev (1), V.O. Polyakova (2,3), N.S. Linkova (2,4,5), E.M. Paltseva (6), T.V. Kvetnaia (2), V.A. Zuev (2), I.M. Kvetnoy (2,3), V.V. Popuchiev (7) 1 -Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky avenue, 14, Moscow, 199911, Russian Federation; 2 -Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dinamo pr., 3, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russian Federation; 3 -Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line 3, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; 4 -Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya str. 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation; 5 -Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova emb., 6, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; 6 -B.V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Abrikosovsky bystreet, 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; 7 -A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Koroleva street, 4, Obninsk, 249036, Russian Federation

Alzheimer's disease being the socially significant neurodegenerative disease of the elderly, ranks 6th on the causes of death among somatic pathologies. The molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease still remain unexplored until the end, and the efficacy of its therapy remains to be low. The purpose of the present review is a compilation and systematization of data of the search of possible targets for the treatment of the disease. The paper describes the role of apolipoprotein E as a genetic risk factor for sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease, discussed the contribution of tau protein and beta-amyloid precursor protein in the pathogenesis of this disease. There are discussed as the hypothesis of impairment in calcium neuronal signaling as well the role of glial cells in the production of various signaling molecules – potential markers of Alzheimer's disease and the role of mitochondrial pathology in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords: 
Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid cascade, tau-protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, aging
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