PROSTATE-SPECIFIC MEMBRANE ANTIGEN: MODERN POSSIBILITIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2018-04-01

O.D. Bragina(1), V.I. Chernov(1, 2), M.S. Larkina(3), R.V. Zelchan(1), I.G. Sinilkin(1), A.A. Medvedeva(1) 1-Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5, Kooperativnaya str., Tomsk, 634009, Russian Federation; 2-National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenina Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation; 3Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected]

Diagnosis and determination of tumor process in patients with prostate cancer are the most urgent problems of modern оncology. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is one of the most promising molecular targets for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The level of PSMA in prostate cancer is higher than the expression in normal tissues and different types of dysplasia and is associated with the stage, the degree of malignancy and aggressiveness of the tumor process. In recent years for the detection of specific tumor targets there are actively developed non-invasive radionuclide imaging techniques using radioisotopes, the application of which allows not only estimating the prevalence of malignancy (primary tumor site, regional lymph nodes and distant organs and tissues) but also performing multiple tests for the treatment evaluation. Recently, low molecular weight peptides have been used as a targeting module, the main advantages of which there is the possibility of forming strong bonds with chelating agents, small sizes, promoting fast pharmacokinetics and high tissue penetration, as well as the stability and relatively simple conditions of synthesis. This review describes the main radiopharmaceuticals mainly based on low molecular weight peptides, targeted to PSMA and used for diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Keywords: 
prostate cancer, prostate-specific membrane antigen, antibodies, low molecular weight peptides, radionuclide diagnostics

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