MELATONIN AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN THE SYSTEM «MOTHER-PLACENTA-FETUS»

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2018-06-02

I.I. Evsyukova, I.M. Kvetnoy D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line, 3, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation Е-mail: [email protected]

The review summarizes a number of the published reports about the structure of the core circadian oscillator system and the melatonin’s role as an interface of endogenous rhythms for the cyclic environment what optimizes maternal, placental and fetal physiology. Placenta’s melatonin is demonstrated to be produced via autocrine, paracrine and intracrine processes to provide the morphological development and stability of placenta’s functions with the circadian expression placenta’s clock genes related to the maternal melatonin’s rhythm. The results of experimental and clinical investigations testify that during the intrauterine life the fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and fetal organs are peripheral maternal circadian oscillators entrained by the maternal melatonin cycle. Maternal circadian rhythms are influential in the entrainment and programming of fetal and newborn circadian rhythms. After the delivery, it will allow for postnatal integration of the scattered fetal peripheral circadian clocks into an adult-like circadian system controlled by the SCN and entrained to the light-dark cycle. Circadian disruption of maternal melatonin production during pregnancy may impinge on specific fetal peripheral clocks leading to the development of long-term pathology.
Keywords: 
melatonin, circadian system, pregnancy, placenta, fetus, newborn
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