MOLECULAR AND GENETIC MECHANISMS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES AND THEIR BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2020-06-03

Yu.V. Myakisheva(1), Т.A. Kolesova(2), Yu.A. Khalitova(1) 1-Samara State Medical University, Chapaevskaya str., 89, Samara, 443099, Russian Federation; 2-V.D. Seredavin Samara Regional Clinical Hospital, st. Tashkent, 159, Samara, 443095, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected]

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease represent one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine. Even though much attention paid to the development and implementation of high-tech diagnostic methods, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) tend to increase in prevalence and incidence. The literature review presents data on the molecular genetic mechanisms of the formation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), biochemical markers of IBD, and their prognostic value. An accurate understanding of the molecular basis for the development of IBD has been shown to be currently lacking, which complicates the development of pathogenetically reasoned methods for diagnosing and predicting the risk of the development and the clinical features of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. This leads to the occurrence of complications requiring surgical intervention as well as an unfavorable medical and social prognosis. Perhaps the mechanisms of the development of these diseases are caused by certain nucleotide polymorphisms of genes, with a certain combination of them with immunological, environmental factors and microbial flora. Moreover, the diagnostic and prognostic significance of genetic, biochemical, and environmental features associated with the risk of developing IBD, the clinical picture, and the effectiveness of therapy have significant differences in patients from various countries and regions, which, inter alia, prevents an adequate assessment of the results of molecular genetic testing in diagnostics and prediction of IBD
Keywords: 
inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, gene polymorphism, biochemical markers
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