THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE PROCESSES OF NEUROGENESIS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2022-04-04

A.V. Vinogradova, P.A. Smirnova, Z.Y. Yakovchuk, O.P. Tuchina
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Educational and scientific cluster «Institute of Medicine
and Life Sciences (MEDBIO)», High School of Life Sciences, Laboratory for Synthetic biology,
Russian Federation, 236041, ul. Universitetskaya, 2, Kaliningrad

The purpose of this review was to determine the role of physical activity as an integral component of environmental enrichment in the processes of neurogenesis in the rodent hippocampus. Material and methods. The full-text search has been carried out in the Medline (Pubmed) and Scopus databases over the past 15 years. Results. Physical activity affects neuronal precursors of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, probably acting through several molecular mechanisms: 1) an increase in the systemic concentration of glycolysis products (primarily lactate) promotes increased blood supply to the dentate gyrus and angiogenesis; 2) muscle-released myokines stimulate the expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF; 3) a decrease in the number of adipocytes and a decrease in the concentration of leptin with regular training changes leukopoiesis, inhibiting the proliferation of potentially pro-inflammatory leukocytes; 4) stimulation of the vagus nerve contributes to the regulation of systemic inflammation and depolarization of granule cells, which probably stimulates the differentiation of neuronal progenitors. Conclusion. Physical activity, regardless of other components of the enriched environment, stimulates the proliferation and survival of neuronal precursors of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
Keywords: 
physical activity, neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, hippocampus, dentate gyrus
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