APPLICATION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AND EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN INFECTIOUS TREATMENT

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2022-06-03

N.M. Yudintceva(1), М.А. Shevtsov(1), М.G. Khotin(1), Т.I. Vinogradova(2), А.N. Muraviov(2, 3), А.N. Remezova(2), N.А. Mikhailova(1),
1-Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Russian Federation,
Tikhoretsky ave., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation;
2-Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation,
Ligovsky ave., 2–4, St. Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation;
3-Private University «Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute», Kondratievsky ave., 72, lit. А, St. Petersburg, 195271, Russian Federation

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive in various fields of regenerative medicine due to their therapeutic potential and complex unique properties. Basic stem cell research and the global COVID-19 pandemic have given impetus to the development of cell therapy for infectious diseases. The aim of this review is to systematize scientific data on the use of MSCs and their extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in the complex treatment of infectious diseases. Material and methods: an analysis of the main foreign sources in the databases of NCBI, Elsevier, PubMed/Medline for 2004–2022 was carried out. Results. Application of MSCs and MSC-EVs in the treatment of infectious diseases has an immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect, and also promotes the restoration of the epithelium and stimulates tissue regeneration. The use of MSC-EVs is a promising cell-free treatment strategy that allows solving the problems associated with the safety of cell therapy and increasing its effectiveness. Conclusion. In this review, experimental data and clinical trials based on MSCs and MSC-EVs for the treatment of infectious diseases are presented. MSCs and MSC-EVs can be a promising tool for the treatment of various infectious diseases in combination with antiviral drugs. Using of MSC-EVs instead of cells is a more promising strategy for cell-free treatment, since it allows solving various problems of cell therapy.
Keywords: 
mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, infectious diseases
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