MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

DOI: https://doi.org/None

V.V. Delektorskaya N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute a heterogeneous group of relatively rare neoplasms, incidence of which has increased in the last decades. These tumors are composed of cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype and may occur in any organ, but are most often observed in the gastroenteropancreatic system and the lung. NETs share specific morphologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular characteristics. The presented paper is devoted to the analysis of up-to-date concepts of the nature of NETs and features of their biological behavior. Current issues of the recent classifications and morphological diagnosis based on histological and immunohistochemical criteria are discussed. The paper includes the latest data on the diagnostic markers and the grading of tumors. The latter is based on mitotic count and the proliferation activity as determined by Ki-67 index. The paper also highlights data on key molecular markers that affect on prognosis and response to therapy of the digestive and bronchopulmonary NETs.
Keywords: 
neuroendocrine tumor, molecular markers, diagnosis, immunohistochemistry, digestive system, respiratory tract
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