Influence of post-ischemic physical loads on brain cell assemblies in cerebral hypoperfusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2021-05-01

V.V. Chrishtop(1), T.A. Rumyantseva(2), V.G. Nikonorova(3) 1-ITMO University, Lomonosova Str., 9, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191024; 2Y-aroslavl State Medical University, Revolyutsionnaya Str., 5, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, 153000; 3-Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy named after D.K. Belyaev, Sovetskaya St., 45, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, 153012 E-mail: [email protected]

A wide range of diseases: stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, brain injury, etc., is based on cerebral hypoperfusion. Vascular dementia, which is the equivalent of cerebral hypoperfusion, is one of the most common cognitive disorders in older people following Alzheimer’s disease. Physical activity is an integral component of rehabilitation measures for ischemic stroke and vascular dementia – widespread, socially essential diseases. The aim of the review is to summarize current data on the cellular mechanisms that underlie the brain effects of physical activity outside the paradigm of an enriched environment in experimental cerebral hypoxia. The materials were the results of relevant studies by domestic and foreign authors and their own published data over the past 30 years, from 1990 to 2020. The article summarizes current data demonstrating the effect of physical activity during cerebral hypoperfusion, mainly during the chronic phase of the bilateral occlusion model of common carotid arteries as an adequate model of cerebral hypoperfusion. The following physical activity targets were considered: neurogenesis, neuronal apoptosis, neurotrophins, BDNF, IGF-I, VEGF, synaptophysin, NO-mediated effects, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, cerebrovascular reactivity, structures of the blood-brain barrier, endothelial phase, leukemia, astrocytes, oligodenrogliocytes, microglia phenotype.
Keywords: 
cerebral hypoperfusion, physical activity, neuronal plasticity, cerebrovascular plasticity, blood-brain barrier
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