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ГИАЛУРОНОВАЯ КИСЛОТА: РОЛЬ В КЛЕТОЧНОМ ЦИКЛЕ
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2020-04-03
В обзоре рассмотрена система гиалуроновой кислоты (ГК), представленная ферментами синтеза (гиалуронансинтазы), расщепления (гиалуронидазы) и ее рецепторами. Продемонстрировано участие системы гиалуроновой кислоты в регуляции клеточного цикла. Важнейшим рецептором ГК является трансмембранный белок CD44, внутриклеточный домен которого связан с белками цитоскелета. Все компоненты системы ГК являются важными участниками клеточного цикла нормальных и, в еще большей степени, предраковых и раковых клеток. Продемонстрированы различия в регуляции клеточного цикла высокомолекулярными и низкомолекулярными фракциями ГК. Высокомолекулярная ГК поддерживает дифференцированные и стволовые клетки в фазе клеточного цикла G0, блокируя доступ к рецепторам. В процессе эмбриогенеза высокомолекулярная ГК активирует PI3K-АКТ и RAS-ERK каскады в первичных трофобластах, что приводит к их активной пролиферации. На пролиферацию клеток взрослого организма высокомолекулярная ГК оказывает противоположный, ингибирующий эффект за счет ингибирующего воздействия белка мерлин. Низкомолекулярная ГК и ГК-рецепторы вовлекаются в процессы клеточного цикла после его первичной инициации провоспалительными факторами. Для активации с помощью низкомолекулярной ГК цитоплазматического домена CD44 необходимо отсоединение от него белка мерлина. Использование ГК в медицинской практике требует полного учета этих разнообразных режимов регуляции.
Ключевые слова:
гиалуроновая кислота
Для цитирования:
Хабаров В.Н., Белушкина Н.Н., Пальцев М.А., Кветной И.М. ГИАЛУРОНОВАЯ КИСЛОТА: РОЛЬ В КЛЕТОЧНОМ ЦИКЛЕ. Молекулярная медицина, 2020; (4): -https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2020-04-03
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