GENERAL AND SPECIFIC IN THE GENOME OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

DOI: https://doi.org/None

A.N. Kucher (1,2), N.V. Tarasenko (1,3), V.P. Puzyrev (1,3) 1 -Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Naberezhnaya Ushaiki, 10, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation; 2 -National Research Tomsk State University, Leninа Prospekt, 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation; 3 -Siberian State Medical University, Moscowski Trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 are having a number similar etiological factors and certain resemblance in the mechanisms of the disease. Therefore it is important to try to estimate the role of common genetic component in the genesis and formation of diabetes of both types. The aim of the study. Search for general and specific genes for type 1 and type 2 diabetes by analyzing the genetic databases. Methods. Sources of information about the associations of genetic markers with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 are two databases: The Genetic Association Database (GAD) and Catalog of Published Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS); associated genes are involved in biological processes, information on which are taken from Human Protein Reference Database. Results. Modern genetic databases (GAD and GWAS) define 381 gene variants that are associated with the manifestation of diabetes in humans, 92 of them – are specific to type 1 diabetes, 237 – specific to type 2 diabetes, and 59 genes are common to these diseases. Genes that are common to these two diseases were also associated with diabetic complications, glucose metabolism indices and some other diseases and symptoms (obesity, ischemic heart disease, biochemical markers of lipid metabolism, chronic bowel diseases). Among the common genes for type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes there are the most important genes whose products are involved in signal transduction and cell interactions, as well as those involved in the regulation of metabolism (mainly providing energy pathways). Most of genes that are specific to type 1 diabetes, there are genes of the immune response. Specific genes for type 2 diabetes – those whose products regulate the metabolism of nucleic acids.Conclusion. In the structure of inherited predisposition to type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are identified specific and common genes. Personalization and unification in the treatment and prognosis of various forms of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, «evolving» into the variety of nosological forms of diabetes, shouldbe taken into accountin the organization ofmedical care to patients.
Keywords: 
inherited predisposition, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, common genes, specific genes
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