MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALIGNANT TUMORS

DOI: https://doi.org/None

N.E. Kushlinskii Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Delegatskaya, 20, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127473; N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

The formation of properties promoting malignant transformation begins before the appearance of tumor cells at the level of inflammatory and precancerous processes. The basis for these properties is genomic instability of tumor cells. Genetic instability manifests as genetic as well epigenetic changes. To genetic changes there may be referred mutation process and chromosomal rearrangements. Epigenetic changes are associated with DNA methylation, histone and chromatin modifications and emergence of new RNA molecules. All these mechanisms determine specific gene regulation and expression in the tumor. In the lecture there are presented signs which distinguish tumor cells from normal tissue cells. Among these signs there are considered mechanisms promoting persistent proliferation, avoiding growth inhibitory signals from tissue supressors, escape of tumors: apoptosis resistance stimulation of angiogenesis, unlimited replicationit, vasculogenesis, activate invasion and metastasizing. Tumors amount to complex tissue which consist of different cell types that interact as with each other as well with normal cells. The one key property of tumor cells is the ability to interact with the cellular microenvironment and formation of the tumor stroma, which realizes the maintaining and support for tumor growth.
Keywords: 
cancer, molecular biologic pattern
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