CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF GASTRIC CANCEROGENESIS

DOI: https://doi.org/None

M.V. Nemtsova I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya St., 8, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991

Gastric cancer (GC) arises through a multistep process characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular alterations of tumor cells that is involving genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. GC is a very complex and heterogeneous disease, and although much has been learned about the different genetic changes eventually leading to its appearance, the detailed mechanisms still remain unclear. There are known two major GC histological subtypes, intestinal and diffuse, which being differed in morphology, epidemiology, pathogenesis are characterized by dissimilar clinical course. A better understanding of the genomics of these different subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma should result in better prevention, earlier diagnosis and suggestion of new treatment strategies. In the lecture there are represented modern views on the molecular pathogenesis of GC, there are considered the main stages of tumor development and the main genes involved in this process. The lecture discusses the role of H. pylori infection and Epstein–Barr virus infection in the development of GC, as well as the influence of DNA polymorphisms in the genes that increase the risk of GC, and also possible mechanisms of the appearance of sporadic and hereditary GC. For the development of effective prevention and treatment modalities it is essential to unravel the basic mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis
Keywords: 
gastric cancer, genes, expression, mutations, polymorphisms

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