THE ROLE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS SECRETING CYTOKINES IN THE STIMULATION OF THE REGENERATION PROCESSES IN THE BRAIN

DOI: https://doi.org/None

Ratushnyak M.G., Severin S.E.

The review deals with the analysis of experimental results relating to the protective effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after the brain damage. We consider two mechanisms of the MSCs action. The first proposed mechanism is associated with the ability of MSCsto differentiate into cells of the damaged organ and accelerate the regeneration of damage due to the production of new healthy cells. The second mechanism may be associated with the action of regulatory factors that MSCs secrete. The role of cytokines secreted by MSCs in the stimulation of brain repair is reviewed.MSCs stimulate regeneration processes after traumatic brain injury, strokes, in Parkinson's disease and autoimmune diseases of the spinal cord. MSCs have been shown to produce a variety of autocrine/paracrine factors, called “MSC Secretome”, with proand anti-inflammatory activity and other biological activities. The most important regulatory factors secreted by MSCsinclude cytokines IL-4, IL-10, NGF, BDNF, FGF, IGF, VEGF and TNFα, as well as proteins, lipids, and various types of RNA exosomes. Therapeutic effect of these factors is mediated directly by acting on damaged cells or indirectly by stimulating the immune system.
Keywords: 
mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), сonditioned media, exosomes, сytokines, growth factors, secretome
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