SALIVA AS A BIOLOGICAL OBJECT FOR NON-INVASIVE MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2018-05-01

M.A. Paltsev(1), G.B. Sarayev(2), V.A. Bunin(2), N.N. Belushkina(1, 3), E.S. Popravka(2, 4), N.S. Linkova(2, 4), K.L. Kozlov(2), E.V. Sedova(5), S.U. Mursalov(2), I.M. Kvetnoy(2, 6, 7) 1-Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie gory, 1/12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; 2-Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo pr., 3, Saint Petersburg, 197110, Russian Federation; 3Institute of Biochemical physics named after N.M. Emanuel, Kosigina str., 4, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation; 4-Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya Str. 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation; 5-M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Shchepkina str., 61/2, Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation; 6-D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductology, Mendeleyevskaya line, 3, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; 7St.Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya embankment, 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected]

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered to be one of the leading causes of lethality in patients of older age groups. In the last decade, the issue of finding a material for effective non-invasive diagnosis of CVD has become urgent. The review considers the possibility of using saliva for this purpose. C-reactive protein in saliva was established to be a marker of coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), arterial hypertension (AH), cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis. Elevated salivary concentrations of troponin-1 are characteristic of CHD, MI, atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy, and MMP-9 for CHD, MI, GB, and cardiomyopathy. An increase in the salivary level of prostaglandin E2 was detected in CHD, AH and atherosclerosis, and leukotriene B4 level – in CHD and AH. Salivary α-amylase level is a predictor of MI and heart failure (HF). Myeloperoxidase, CPK, CK-MB, and myoglobin are markers for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy. MMP-8 and TIMP-1 in saliva are associated with CHD and MI, and TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines – with MI and atherosclerosis. In MI and stroke cases there was revealed a change in salivary cortisol, and increased levels of creatinine and lysozyme were noted in CHD and AH patients. Also, such molecules as selective markers of CHD as ghrelin and obestatin were found in the saliva. For the diagnosis of MI salivary ICAM-1, sCD40L, adiponectin, RANTES, NT-proBNP, and IMA, and for atherosclerosis, IL-6S can serve as specific markers. Thus, saliva can be an alternative biological material for the assessment the risk of developing a wide range of CVD and differential diagnosis of cardiovascular pathology.
Keywords: 
saliva, cardiovascular diseases, signaling molecules, diagnostics
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