SIMULATION OF SPINAL CORD REGENERATION IN VITRO SYSTEM

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2018-06-01

M.M. Mikhailova(1), M.A. Paltsev(2, 3), A.A. Panteleyev(1) 1-National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation; 2-N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Kosygina str., 4, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation; 3-Faculty of Biology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected]

Among the injuries of the central nervous system, a special place is occupied by injuries of the spinal cord (SC), which are still practically resistant to treatment and cause severe consequences. Necrosis of the tissue – the immediate consequence of the mechanical damage – after a few days gives way to the chronic stage of SC injury, during which cells that have not been directly affected by the injury start to die. At the same time, the inability of SC neurons to restore damaged axons significantly reduces the likelihood of a positive prognosis. The action of external axon growth inhibitors (e.g., components of myelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans secreted by reactive astrocytes in the glial scar) and the inability of neurons to express specific pro-regenerative genes makes axon regeneration in the SC virtually impossible. Most of the studies on axon regeneration after spinal cord injury is performed on laboratory animals (in vivo). However, such approach has many limitations, including the need for complex surgical intervention, long postoperative animal care, and most importantly, low reproducibility of results. Primary culture of SC cells and its organotypic culture (in vitro and ex vivo models) are a promising alternative to animal experiments. This paper discusses approaches to obtaining these models and methods of using them to study the mechanisms of SC neuron regeneration and to develop tool for stimulation of this process.
Keywords: 
neurons, axons, primary culture, organotypic culture, spinal cord injury
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