BRAIN METABOLITES ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND COGNITIVE IMPAIREMENT

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2019-04-04

M.V. Matveeva(1), Y.G. Samoilova(1), N.G. Zhukova(1), D.A. Kudlay(2) 1-Siberian State Medical University, Moscow Road, 2, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation; 2-State Research Center «Institute of Immunology» of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Kashirskoye sh., 24, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected]

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by prolonged hyperglycemia, which can cause various complications. Some studies have reported on the relationship between changes in cerebral metabolism and glucose levels. The aim of the study. Assessment of the content of brain metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. The study was an observational, one-stage, one-time, selective. Objects – patients with type 2 diabetes aged 45–65 years. All subjects were sampled to determine fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and tau protein. To assess the variability of glycemia was assessed using continuous monitoring for 14 days. Neuropsychological testing was performed using the Montreal cognitive dysfunction scale (MoCA test). Neurochemical changes in the brain were studied using proton spectroscopy (1HMRS) and the analysis of the following metabolites: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), creatine phosphate (Cr2). The main indicators that were determined during this study were fasting glucose levels, HbA1c, glycemic variability coefficients, tau protein levels, MoCA test results, and the content of brain metabolites in the hippocampus. Results. As a result, 48 patients with type 2 diabetes were examined. The level of tau protein in serum was increased in the presence of cognitive disorders and amounted to 44,6 pg/ml, its increase is associated with age, high HbA1c (r=0,211, p=0,034; r=0,342, p=0,006). An increase in glycemia variability coefficients is recorded. Patients with type 2 diabetes have cognitive impairment, the MoCA test was 20 points on average. There is an increase in NAA and Cho of the hippocampal region. It has been found that elevated NAA levels are found in patients with high tau protein content, and high HbA1c levels, glycemia lability index and average glucose value in patients with type 2 diabetes with a reduced Cr level in the hippocampus region. Conclusion. Type 2 diabetes occurs with cognitive impairment, changes in brain metabolism and increased tau protein. The model for predicting cognitive impairment according to 1HMRS in patients with type 2 diabetes is 79%.
Keywords: 
type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment, proton spectroscopy, metabolites, glycemic variability
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