REJUVENATING MANF FACTOR AND ITS FUNCTIONS IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2019-05-01

B.I. Kuznik(1, 2), S.O. Davidov(1, 2), N.I. Chalisova(3, 4) 1-Chita State Medical University, Gorkogo str., 39а, Chyta, 672000, Russian Federation; 2-Innovation Clinical Academy of Health, Kokhanskogo str., 13, Chyta, 672038, Russian Federation; 3-Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dinamo pr., 3, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russian Federation; 4-I.P.Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Adm. Makarova Emb. 6., Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; E-mail: [email protected]

There are presented data about rejuvenating mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and its physiological functions. This is a new neurotrophic factor, produced by the mesencephalic astrocytes and it is different from other factors by its activity concerning not only the nervous tissue but other tissues. The MANF main function is a protection of the dopamine neuron endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from the stress and apoptosis. The high concentrations of MANF were detected in the brain cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum. MANF is expressed actively in the synovial tissues, cardiomyocytes, pancreas cells, liver tissue. The MANF provides an increase of the regenerative processes, affecting the immune cells. The MANF ability to modulate the cell regenerative functions and the neuroprotection, and also an increase of the stem cell function, plays a great role in the so-named “rejuvenating” functions of MANF. It was detected, using the method of the heterochronic parabiosis, that the MANF concentration is increased highly in the blood of the old mice by an increase of the neuron quantity in the brain, and also by the improvement of the heart, liver function. MANF can protect the cilia of dopaminergic neurons at the early stage of Parkinson disease, it has the neuroprotective effect in the early stages of the brain damage, produced by the subarachnoidal bleeding in the mice. The MANF protein, possessing many functions, plays the basic role in the processes of the recovery of the neuron functions in both Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, insults and traumatic damages of the brain. There are data presented about rejuvenating mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and its physiological functions. This is a new neurotrophic factor, produced by the mesencephalic astrocytes and it is different from other neurotrophic factors by its activity concerning not only the nervous tissue but many other tissues. The MANF main function is a protection of the dopamine neuron endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from the stress and apoptosis development. The relatively high concentrations of MANF were detected in the brain cortex, hippocampus and in the cerebellum Purkinje cells. Moreover, MANF is expressed actively in the synovial tissues by their infiltration with the inflammatory cells, in the cardiomyocytes, pancreas cells, in the B hepatitis liver tissue. The MANF immunomodulating function provides an increase of the regenerative processes, affecting directly the immune cells. The MANF ability to modulate the cell regenerative functions by the synchronous stimulation of the neuroprotection, and also of an increase of the stem cell function, plays a great role in the so-named «rejuvenating» functions of this protein. It was detected, using the method of the heterochronic parabiosis (the creation of the common blood circulation in the young and old animals), that the MANF concentration is increased highly in the blood of the old mice by an increase of the neuron quantity in the brain, (especially in the hippocampus), and also by the improvement of the heart, liver function. MANF can protect the cilia of dopaminergic neurons at the early stage of Parkinson disease, and also it has the neuroprotective effect in the early stages of the brain damage, produced by the subarachnoidal bleeding in the mice. The MANF protein, possessing many functions, plays the basic role in the processes of regeneration, increase and recover of the neuron functions in both Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, insults and traumatic damages of the brain.
Keywords: 
MANF, rejuvenation, dopamine neurons, endoplasmic reticulum, cardiomyocytes, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease
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