SARS-CоV-2 INFECTION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE PATHOLOGY

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2022-05-01

A.M. Timofeeva(1), S.E. Sedykh(1, 2), G.A. Nevinsky(1, 2)
1-Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Russian Federation, 630090, Novosibirsk, Lavrent’eva st., 8;
2-Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation, 630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogova st., 1

Relevance: The review is devoted to the analyses of literature data on disorders of the immune system in COVID-19. Since some of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are consistent with those of autoimmune diseases, one of the fundamental questions about COVID-19 pathogenesis is whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is a risk factor for autoimmune disorders. Objective: The assessment of the possible role of the humoral response, in particular, antibodies with different specificity to COVID-19, in developing autoimmune reactions. Material and methods: Scientific publications on the autoimmune diseases published over the past 15 years and on COVID-19 for 2020–2022 were analyzed and systemized; the articles were searched in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Results: This review compares classical autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. This comparison is relevant since the use of drugs commonly prescribed for autoimmune diseases is practised in treating patients with severe COVID-19. The variety of autoantibodies in COVID-19 may reflect transient immune activation under conditions of acute infection, as well as early loss of tolerance and further development of chronic autoimmune pathology. Here we review the viral infections triggering autoimmune pathologies and possible mechanisms of autoimmunity induction in COVID-19; we classified the main groups of antibodies described in patients with COVID-19.
Keywords: 
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, autoimmune diseases, antibodies, autoimmunity
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