THE ROLE OF CHROMOSOMAL V(D)J RECOMBINATION OF LYMPHOCYTES IN THE FORMATION OF ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMUNOTHERAPY

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2023-04-02

A.V. Sultanbaev(1), Sh.I. Musin(1), K.V. Menshikov(1), A.A. Izmailov(1), A.F. Nasretdinov(1), N.I. Sultanbaevа(1),
I.A. Menshikova(2), I.V. Tsimafeyeu(3), D.O. Lipatov(2), M.V. Sultanbaev(2), O.N. Lipatov(2), D.A. Kudlay(4, 5)
1-HOUSE «Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary» of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus,
prospekt Oktyabrya str., 73/1, Ufa, 450054, Republic of Bashkortostan;
2-GBOU «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,
Lenin str., 3, Ufa, 450008, Republic of Bashkortostan;
3-Autonomous non-profit organization «Bureau of Cancer Research», 2 Mayakovsky Lane, Moscow, 109147, Russian Federation;
4-FGAOU HE «I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health
f the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Street, 8, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation;
5-FGBU «State Scientific Center «Institute of Immunology» of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency,
Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation

Introduction. The effectiveness of antitumor immunity is determined by various mechanisms of recognition of tumor antigens, while the diversity of the repertoire of antigenic receptors is determined by V(D)J recombinations in maturing T and B cells. The aim of this work is to review scientific literature data on the role of chromosomal V(D)J recombinations of immune system cells in the mechanisms of antitumor immunity. Material and methods. This review presents data on the main mechanisms of antitumor immunity and the role of T- and B-cell receptor gene rearrangement in its formation. Results. From the presented analysis of literary sources, it follows that carcinogenesis is accompanied by suppression of the antitumor activity of the immune system. As a result, immunodeficiency states are observed in patients with malignant neoplasms. By-products of chromosomal V(D)J recombinations are DNA excision circles TREC and KREC. Their quantitative analysis in cancer patients makes it possible to determine the presence of immunodeficiency, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the formation of antitumor immunity. It is also noted that in immunocompromised cancer patients, the possibility of using personalized immunostimulation methods should be considered, which will improve control over the malignant process. Conclusions. The review reflects the mechanisms of the immune system response to carcinogenesis. The main stages of the interaction of the tumor antigen with the patient’s immune system are considered. Methods for evaluating the viability of antitumor immunity are describe
Keywords: 
cancer, malignant neoplasm, carcinogenesis, antitumor immunity, antigen, antibody, TREC, KREC.
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