Иммунное микроокружение при гепатоцеллюлярной карциноме: современные представления и роль блокады иммунных контрольных точек

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2024-01-01

Е.Л. Буеверова(1), О.Ю. Зольникова(1), М.А. Пальцев(2)
1-Первый Московский государственный медицинский
университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет),
Российская Федерация, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8/2;
2-Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова,
Российская Федерация, 119234, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1

Гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома (ГЦК) является наиболее распространенной первичной злокачественной опухолью печени. Специфичность иммунной микросреды органа ограничивает возможности традиционных терапевтических и хирургических подходов к лечению, поэтому одной из важнейших задач современной медицины является поиск новых терапевтических мишеней с прицелом на микроокружение опухоли. Внедрение в клиническую практику ингибиторов контрольных точек расширяет иммунотерапевтические возможности борьбы с раком печени (РП). Цель нашего обзора – обобщить имеющиеся данные об иммунном микроокружении печени при гепатоцеллюлярной карциноме и представить достижения в иммунотерапии РП с помощью блокады иммунных контрольных точек. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ основных зарубежных и отечественных источников по базам данных PubMed/Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov за последние 5 лет. Результаты. По заболеваемости и смертности гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома входит в перечень самых частых злокачественных новообразований в мире и прогнозы на ближайшие десятилетия неутешительны. Современные подходы к иммунотерапии с учетом микроокружения опухоли ассоциированы с лучшими показателями выживаемости и профилем безопасности, чем стандартная терапия. Заключение. Эффективность ингибиторов контрольных точек в качестве монотерапии и комбинированных стратегий вселяет надежду на улучшение прогноза и качества жизни пациентов с неоперабельной ГЦК.
Ключевые слова: 
епатоцеллюлярная карцинома, микроокружение опухоли, блокада иммунных контрольных точек
Для цитирования: 
Буеверова Е.Л., Зольникова О.Ю., Пальцев М.А. Иммунное микроокружение при гепатоцеллюлярной карциноме: современные представления и роль блокады иммунных контрольных точек . Молекулярная медицина, 2024; (1): 3-12https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2024-01-01
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